02339nas a2200313   4500000000100000008004100001260001200042653002500054653002400079653002300103653001200126653003000138653002700168100001500195700001200210700001200222700001300234700001200247700001300259700001400272700001400286700001500300245015100315856006500466300000900531490000600540520146500546022001402011       2024                            d  c03/202410aMycobacterium leprae10aFeasibility Studies10aHousehold contacts10aleprosy10aPost-exposure prophylaxis10asingle-dose rifampicin1 aCampbell P1 aBauro T1 aRimon E1 aTimeon E1 aBland C1 aIoteba N1 aDouglas N1 aCunanan A1 aChambers S00aSingle-Dose Rifampicin Leprosy Chemoprophylaxis for Household Contacts in Kiribati: An Audit of a Combined Retrospective and Prospective Approach.  uhttps://www.mdpi.com/2414-6366/9/3/58/pdf?version=1709286138  a1-110 v93 a<p>Kiribati is a Pacific Island nation with a widely dispersed population and one of the highest rates of leprosy worldwide. Single-dose rifampicin post-exposure prophylaxis (SDR-PEP) of leprosy contacts has reduced new case detection rates in controlled trials. In 2018, an SDR-PEP programme was introduced in Kiribati that included screening and chemoprophylaxis of household contacts of leprosy cases retrospectively (2010-2017) and prospectively (2018-2022). We conducted a retrospective audit to determine the comprehensiveness, timeliness and feasibility of the SDR-PEP programme. Overall, 13,641 household contacts were identified (9791 in the retrospective and 3850 in the prospective cohort). In the retrospective cohort, 1044 (11%) contacts were absent, 403 (4%) were ineligible for SDR, and 42 new cases were detected (0.4%) Overall, SDR coverage was 84.7%. In the prospective cohort, 164 (4%) contacts were absent, 251 (7%) were ineligible for SDR, and 23 new cases were diagnosed (0.6%). Overall, SDR coverage was 88.1%. Across both cohorts, there were 23 SDR refusals. The median time to SDR administration was 220 days (IQR 162-468) and 120 days (IQR 36-283) for the retrospective and prospective cohorts, respectively. SDR was readily accepted in both cohorts. The new case detection rate (0.5%) is consistent with that in other studies. Overall SDR coverage in both the retrospective and prospective phases met programmatic expectations.</p>
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